4 Furthermore, the deterioration of the health of the compromised spine cannot be prevented. 2 The current treatment of DDD, mainly including bed rest, rehabilitation, medication, interventional therapy, and surgery, 3 provides only symptomatic relief but fails to reestablish the homeostasis of the intervertebral disc (IVD). 1 It may lead to a severe impact on the quality of life of patients. In conclusion, a single-cell transcriptomic atlas that resolves spatially regulated cellular heterogeneity together with the critical signaling that underlies homeostasis will help to establish new therapeutic strategies for IVD degeneration in the clinic.ĭegenerative disc disease (DDD) is regarded as the primary cause of low back pain, resulting in a global healthcare burden and significant socioeconomic costs. Finally, intercellular crosstalk based on signaling network analysis uncovered that the PDGF and TGF-β cascades are important cues in the NP microenvironment. Notably, in the NP, a PROCR + resident progenitor population showed enriched colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) activity and trilineage differentiation capacity. The chondrocyte subclusters were classified based on their potential regulatory, homeostatic, and effector functions in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Here, the transcriptomic landscape of 108 108 IVD cells was mapped using single-cell RNA sequencing of three main compartments from young and adult healthy IVDs, including the nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus, and cartilage endplate (CEP). A comprehensive understanding of the cellular heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms underlying the development, homeostasis, and disease of human intervertebral disks (IVDs) remains challenging.
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